提 要：苏美尔史诗《恩美卡与阿腊塔王》的第134—155行是乌鲁克王恩美卡让使者“说”给阿腊塔王的“努帝穆德咒”（nam-šubdnu-dím-mud-da）。其中讲到几个“那时”，如“那时……普天之下，人民康而乐。对恩里勒神都把一种语言说。”这个“咒”反映了什么样的时代？几个“那时”讲述的是一个时代，还是几个不同时代？史诗作者为什么把“咒”穿插在作品中？它在“心理战”中起什么作用？对这些问题，学者众说纷纭，各执一词。本文意在归纳各家的不同说法，分析其中的得失，提出自己的观点。
关键词：苏美尔史诗；黄金时代；“努帝穆德咒”
Title: An elementary Study of Incantation of Nudimmud
Author:Gong Yushu, Professor, Research Centre of Eastern Literatures, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Abstract:The strophe (lines 136-155) of the Sumerian narrative poem, Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, is an “incantation” (nam-šub) which Enmerkar let the messenger of Uruk chant to the Lord of Aratta. This “incantation”, as was so called in the poem, is formally divided into three sections, each introduced by “u4-ba” (“at that time”). In the last few decades, much academic attention was paid to this so-called incantation, which was variously interpreted. The present article offers a new interpretation putting forward the argument that the first section of the incantation introduced by the first “u4-ba” was an overall description of the prehistoric period when “nothing” existed yet. The second section introduced by the second “u4-ba” was an overall description of the Uruk period, when, from the point of view of the Urukians, peace prevailed and Sumerian was spoken worldwide. The third section introduced by the third “u4-ba” involves two periods, the Dynastic Period including the ensuing period known as Akkad Dynasty, when city states tried to subdue each other, and to seize the control of “kingship”, and the Ur III Period, when the world was brought under control of the Sumerians and Sumerian became the single official language again. The incantation is in fact a Sumerian generalization of the history of Sumer and Akkad down to the Ur III Period.
Key words:Incantation; Nudimmud; Enmerkar; Sumerian; a Sumerian view of history
