考古学与中国上古史重建

黄海烈

    蒋刚

提 要：中国近代考古学建立之初，不免材料不足并有先天局限，但随着考古学的发展和壮大，其对中国上古史之重建的作用日益显现。以顾颉刚为代表的古史辨派对旧古史系统进行了摧毁性的批判，傅斯年、李济等人继之而起，开辟了重建之路。傅斯年为重建中国古史提供了体制保证并指明方向，李济则在理论和方法上提出了系统的方案。然而，李济等人限于当时条件，具体实践工作并不理想，而中国大陆考古学者们则做出了切实的贡献。经过60年的发展，中国田野考古学取得极大的成就，苏秉琦等学者据此提出考古学文化“区系类型理论”和中国文明“多元一体格局说”，中国上古史重建已进入切实展开的时期。

关键词：考古学 顾颉刚 傅斯年 李济 中国上古史

Title:Archeology

    and the Reconstruction of Ancient Chinese History

Author:Huang Hailie,

    Lecturer, Institute of Ancient Documents and Books, Jilin

    University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; Jiang Gang,

    Associate Professor, College of History and Museology,

    Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China

Abstract:Given

    all the inherit limitations, modern archeology has been

    playing an important role in the reconstruction of ancient

    Chinese history. TheSchool of Critiques of Ancient History(古史辨，gushi bian)represented by Gu Jiegang (顾颉刚，Ku Chieh-kang) swept all

    obstacles set by old History, while Fu Sinian (傅斯年，Fu

    Ssu-nien) and Li Ji （李济）then opened up a new way for the

    reconstruction of ancient Chinese history. Fu Ssu-nien’s

    contribution is to set up a new organization system and

    pointed out the direction for the reconstruction. Li Ji, on

    the other hand, provided a systematical blue print for the

    reconstruction, in terms of theory and methodology. Limited

    by the then conditions, the results of Li Ji and his

    colleagues’ work was far from ideal. Even so, the

    archeologists in mainland China eventually made concrete

    contribution to this enterprise. After making efforts for

    some sixty years, Su Bingqi and other scholars have built up

    a RegionalTypesTheory(区系类型理论) of archeological culture and the Pattern

    of Pluralistic Unity Theory(多元一体格局说) of the Chinese.

Key words:Archeology

    Gu Jiegang Fu Sinian Li Ji Ancient Chinese History