提 要：朝鲜王朝建国后因袭高丽旧制，以都评议使司作为国家机关中枢机构。这种中枢体制带有明显的贵族政治色彩，功臣势力以“合坐”都评议使司的形式，操控军国政务，而王权则相对微弱。定宗至太宗时期的三次中枢改制，仿照明朝“罢中书省，百官奏事”模式强化王权，逐步瓦解了“合坐”机制。改制后，功臣势力被排挤出权力核心，国王则通过“六曹直启”体制，直接行使中枢权力，掌控国政决策。

关键词：朝鲜王朝初期；都评议使司；功臣；贵族政治；中枢改制

DOI:10.16758/j.cnki.1004-9371.2016.01.0013

Title: AStudy of the Reformation of the Early Chosŏn Central Administrative Organization

Author: Liu Bo, Ph. D. Candidate, School of History and Culture, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.

Abstract: Following the tradition of the Goryeo Dynasty, theChosŏn Dynasty used Dopyeongeuisasa(都评议使司)as the key organization to operate the central governmental power, which maintained obvious aristocratic nature in the early Chosŏn politics. The militarymeritocracyjointly controlled the Dopyeongeuisasa, therefore dominated the governmental power while the King was in a relative weak position. FromKing Jeongjong (定宗)toKing Taijong (太宗), three kings of theChosŏnDynasty carried out central governmental structure reformation imitating the early Ming Dynasty. As a result, the military meritocracy lost their control of Dopyeongeuisasa and the King was enabled to run the central governmental power directly through a system called “yukjo-jikgyeje” (六曹直启制) .

Key words:Early Chosŏn Dynasty; Dopyeongeuisasa; Military meritocracy; Aristocrat politics; Reformation