提 要：古埃及历史上第一次重大危机出现在古王国崩溃之后。主要由于中央政权的崩溃导致大饥馑的发生。地方统治者尝试使用发明新的人工灌溉方法来解决这个问题。也就是说，古代埃及国家的形成与人工灌溉工程的发明之间并不存在任何联系，并不符合“治水专制主义”学说。

关键词：古代埃及国家；离心化危机；管理

Title: The Ancient Egyptian State and Decentralization Crises Management

Author:Renate Müller-Wollermann, Professor, Institut für die Kulturen des Alten Orients, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, 72070, Germany; Wang Haili (trans.), Associate Professor, School of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.

Abstract: The first important crisis in Ancient Egypt took place after the fall of the Old Kingdom. Famines broke out, mainly because of the breakdown of the central government. Local leaders tried to overcome this problem by inventing new methods of artificial irrigation. This means that in Ancient Egypt there is no direct relationship between the formation of the state and the invention of artificial irrigation as stated in the hydraulic hypothesis.

Key words:Ancient Egyptian State; Decentralization Crisis; Management