《病榻遗言》与高新郑政治权谋

赵毅

提要：高拱，字宿卿，河南新郑人，以地望名之高新郑，是明代嘉隆万三朝的重臣。《病榻遗言》是高新郑在神宗初政后被逐出政坛回籍赋闲期间撰写的政治回忆录，是高张（张居正）交恶的一家言。高新郑与张江陵恩怨深结，在该书中是己而非张，攻江陵“附保逐拱”、“矫诏顾命”、“招权纳财”、“谋害元辅”等，对万历十年以后的明代政局影响极深。然而，《病榻遗言》中多有不实之词，真假混杂，虚虚实实，体现了高新郑的政治智慧，更折射着高新郑的政治权谋，今人如欲理解万历政局，必须对其中一些关键说法加以厘清。

关键词：高拱

《病榻遗言》 政治权谋

Title:Bingta Yiyanand the Political Trickery of Ming Grand

Secretary Gao Gong

Author:Zhao

Yi, Professor, School of History Culture and Tourism,

Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, China

Abstract:Bingta Yiyan((《病榻遗言》)，The

Last Words on Sickbed) was a political memoir by Gao Gong(高拱),

a Grand Secretary to the Emperors from the late Jiajing to

the early Wanli periods. Gao Gong composed this memoirs

after he was removed from his position by a fellow Grand

Secretary of him, namely, Zhang Juzheng(张居正),

and Zhang’s supporters. With deep enmity to Zhang Juzheng,

in this memoir, Gao Gong blames Zhang Juzheng for attaching

himself to Eunuch Feng Bao(冯保)to drive out Gao Gong from the court, unlawfully making up

the edict of the emperor to claim the status of custody

officer to the young emperor, using political power to

collect money, and plotting to harm the Leading Grand

Secretary. This memoir created profound impact to the

political situation of the Wanli period. As a matter of

fact, there are plentiful of misleading and groundless

stories in this memoir, which were derived from Gao Gong’s

political smartness and trickery. To achieve a better

understanding of the Wanli politics, it is definitely

necessary to clarify some of the stories told by this

memoir. This article presents the investigation results in

this regards.

Key words:Gao

GongBingta Yiyanpolitical trickery