摘 要：北魏后期，国家开始设置“道”。这种“道”，实际上是为大使、征讨都督和行台规定的活动范围。因此，北魏后期“道”的设置是与大使、征讨都督和行台的任职联系在一起的。由这种设置特点所决定，“道”成为大使、征讨都督和行台活动的特殊区域；“道”的设置具有临时性，其存续时间与大使、征讨都督与行台的任职相联系；“道”规定的区域范围是不明确的。至北魏末年，行台的设置开始具有地方官化的趋势，其明显表现是多以州刺史和都督诸州军事兼任。因而，与这些行台的任职相联系的“道”不仅设置的时间延长，并且具有比较明确的区域范围，实际上成为一种不稳定的行台区。这种不稳定的行台区，正是东魏、北齐稳定行台区产生的前提。

关键词：北魏后期 “道” 大使 征讨都督 行台 不稳定行台区

Title: A Textual Study of theDao(道) in the Late Northern Wei Period of China

Author:Zhang Hequan, Professor, Institute of the Chinese Ancient Document, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012

Abstract:In late Northern Wei period, the state started to establish Dao, which was actually the jurisdiction areas divided forDashi(大使, Embassidor)，Zhengtao Dudu(征讨都督, Expeditional Governer General), andXingtai(行台, District Commisioner). Therefore, the ways of settingDaowas closely connected with the appointments of the above-mentioned officials. Accordingly,Daoturned out to be the special ares of action for these officials.Daowas with temporary nature, because the lasting of their existence depending on the appointments ofDashi,Zhengtao Dudu, andXingtai. There was no clear defination about the geographical ranges of theDao.To the end of the Northern Wei, The postion ofXingtaitended to be given to the prefecture heads, or the Proficture Governors, which indicated a trend of becoming perminant.For this reason, the period of existence ofDaoextended and the geographical area became more definite.Daothus changed into a type of administrative regions with relatively less stability, which provided the historical background for the stableXingtai(行台，local level administrative areas) to come into being under the rules of the Eastern Wei and the Northern Qi.

Key words:Late Northern Wei Dao Dashi Zhengtao Dudu Xingtai