荀子与亚里士多德“勇敢”观之比较

姜 红

提要：荀子与亚里士多德的“勇敢”观可谓同异互现。相同之处在于，二者皆认为“勇敢”系出于高尚目的，具有适度性，需要智慧与理智指导的不屈不挠的坚强意志。这体现了中西方社会对于人类自身力量进行适度规范与调整的共同要求。迥异之处则主要体现在内容上彰显政治勇敢与军事勇敢的不同侧重，风格上柔性趋势与刚性趋势的不同择向，这从古典文明源头处昭示了中西民族气质与精英人格模式价值取向的差异性。

关键词：勇敢高尚惧怯暴莽柔性趋势刚性趋势

Title: A Comparative Examination of Xunzi and

Aristotle’s Concept of Courage

Author:Jiang Hong, Doctoral

Candidate, Institute for the Studies of the Middle Ages,

Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China

Abstract:The opinions on

courage of Xunzi and Aristotle were similar and different in

some aspects. They both concluded that courage was

indomitable fortitude that rooted in the intention for

nobleness, should be moderate and needed the assistance of

intelligence and wisdom. The above definition manifested the

common requests on the moderate regulation and adjustment of

human power in Chinese and western societies. The

differences mainly existed in the diverse emphases on

signification of courage between in political and military

situations, and the distinct choices of style between mild

tendency and rigid tendency, which showed the differences of

ethical temperament and value orientation of elite

personality mode between Chinese and western cultures from

the beginning era of the classical civilizations.

Key words:courage

nobleness dread and timidity violence and rashness