论托勒密埃及王权与神权的关系

郭子林

提要：托勒密王朝是古代埃及史上一个重要历史时期。法老埃及的王权与神权之间从来就不是和谐统一的，始终存在矛盾和斗争。但是，在托勒密王朝，二者的关系发生了重大变化，王权有效地控制了神权。这主要是因为托勒密王朝的国王借鉴了法老埃及的经验，采取了有利于王权的政治、经济政策，等级和阶级关系决定了宗教祭司集团不可能干涉世俗政权，文化背景也使托勒密国王从意识深处拒绝给予宗教和祭司各种权力。托勒密王朝王权与神权之间是赤裸裸的利用与被利用的关系，这也正是托勒密王朝逐渐失去本土埃及人支持的重要原因之一。

关键词：托勒密王朝

王权 神权

Title:On

Religious Authorities

Author:Guo Zilin, Associate Research

Fellow, Institute of World History, Social Sciences Academy

of China, Beijing, 100006, China

Abstract:Ptolemaic Egypt was an important

historical period during the development of ancient Egypt.

It was the fact that the kingship had been struggling for

the power with the religious authority in whole history of

Pharaoh Egypt. However, the relation between the kingship

and the religious authority changed largely in Ptolemaic

Egypt so that the former had successfully controlled the

latter. It was mainly led by the followings. Firstly，in

light of the experiences of Pharaoh Egypt, the kings in

Ptolemaic Egypt adopted some political and economical

policies which were propitious to strengthen the kingship.

Secondly, the lower grade and rank status of the priesthood

made them be out of the government. Lastly, based on the

Greece culture background, the kings refused to give the

power to the priesthood and temple in Egypt. Fundamentally,

it was the kingship bald-facedly made use of the religious

authority that made the Ptolemaic dynasty losing the

supporting of the local Egyptian.

Key words:Ptolemaic Egypt Kingship Religious Authorities