提 要：古代埃及的教谕文献是我们认识古代埃及人社会伦理思想的重要文献。从文体规划的角度，能够涵盖这种文学作品的文体主要包括智慧文学、教导文学和玛阿特（正义）文学，这些术语都不能让我们对教谕文献的基本性质提供一种直观的认识，但由于“玛阿特”是古代埃及人自己的词汇，所以它为我们认识这种文献提供了切入点，并促使我们从内容的角度揭示教谕文献的基本性质、探究教谕文献所教导的“智慧”、“玛阿特”的基本内容和特征，从而对古代埃及人的生活准则和社会价值取向做出基本的界定。

关键词：古代埃及 教谕文学 玛阿特 智慧 伦理

Title: On the Nature of Ancient Egyptian Teaching Texts

Author:Shi Haibo, Instructor, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China

Abstract:The teaching text of ancient Egypt is a kind of important documents by which we can study the ethics of ancient Egyptian. However, the terminological muddle about those texts impedes our cognition of the nature of the teaching text. This article examines the connections between the teaching texts andMaatby look into the contents of some major documents of this kind. By this, the author of this article provides some insights for the understanding of ancient Egyptian ethics and the meaning of the teaching texts.

Key words:Ancient Egyptian Teaching Texts Maat wisdom ethics