提 要：西汉水上游秦早期青铜器中的虎造型，堪称春秋青铜雕塑中不可多得的精品，不仅体现出早期秦人高度发达的青铜器铸造技术，也表现出极为鲜明的地方特色。这种数量众多、形式特别的铜虎造型系列，包含了早期秦人特殊的思想意识，且具有特定的文化渊源和基础。这些系列铜虎应是秦人崇虎习俗的集中反映，其中“群虎”是早期秦人激励民族精神、凝聚族群意志的一种氏族文化符号，“回首虎”则传达了秦人缅怀祖先、向往东方故地的族群意识。

关键词：西汉水上游；秦早期青铜器；虎；造型；含义

DOI:10.16758/j.cnki.1004-9371.2016.01.008

Title: An Interpretation of the Tiger Shaped Bronze Items of State Qin Discovered in the Upper Western Han River Region

Author:Yu Yonghong, Professor, the Department of Arts, Longnan Teachers’ College, Cheng Xian, Gansu, 742500, China.

Abstract: The tiger shaped bronze items produced by the people of State Qin during the Spring and Autumn period discovered in the upstream of the upper western Han River region manifest a highly developed bronze casting technology and distinctive characteristics of the Qin arts. The mass quantity tiger shaped bronze items, which are not copies of theYin and Zhou bronze arts, present thespecial ideology of the early Qin people.This people worshiped tiger. The group tiger items are cultural symbols reflecting the collective spirit of Qin people, while the back-viewing tigers present the senses of ancestor and eastern origin memory of the Qin people.

Key words:Upstream ofthe Western Han Rover; the early Qin State Bronze casting; Tiger shaped items; Interpretation