提 要：秦汉之际强调“义”的公共性，认为对其理论阐释、规则制定应由深知人之为人、人之能群的君子来完成。《淮南子》提出的“君子制义”，强化了士阶层对政治行为和社会事务进行评骘的话语权。以此为理论基点，两汉朝野不断强化“行义”者的示范性，将之作为理想人格进行褒扬。东汉朝野冲突，正是士人坚守行义传统，以守义的精神对抗皇室意志，形成了朝野之间的意见冲突。

关键词：君子制义；义行；行义；守义

DOI:10.16758/j.cnki.1004-9371.2016.02.009

Title: The Notion of Gentlemen to Address Righteousness and the Political Situation of the scholar officials in the Han Dynasty

Author:Cao Shenggao, Professor, School of Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119, China, and Concurrent Professor, Faculty for the Study of Asian Civilizations, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.

Abstract: The publicity of righteousness was emphasized in the Qin and Han dynasties, which affirmed righteousness as a principle of public relations. It was commonly accepted that the theoretical interpretation of righteousness and related practical regulation designs should be done by gentlemen. The notion of that the gentlemen were responsible for addressing righteousness, suggested byHuainanzi(《淮南子》)，strengthened the political and social rights of speech of the scholar-officials. In this ground, the scholar-officials within and outside of the court constantly strengthened the influence of the role model of the righteous personalities. The political contradiction of the late Han period, in certain degree, reflected the confrontation of the righteous men and public opinions against the will of the imperial power.

Key words:Righteousness; gentleman; demonstration of righteousness; political culture