提 要：贵族是日本历史上非常重要的社会阶层。直到明治维新以前，贵族经历了三个阶段的演变：大和时代的豪族、律令时代的公家贵族（也称王朝贵族）、幕府时代的军事贵族。社会发展进程与贵族制度相伴始终，不同历史时期由不同的贵族主宰历史是日本古代社会结构的突出特点。贵族制度的直接影响是强权统制架空了皇权。贵族制度的社会史含义在于，贵族是身份制社会的产物；贵族的根本属性是血统而不是财富；贵族传统塑造了日本人人格的两重性。

关键词：日本古代；社会结构；贵族；皇权；身份制社会；两重性

Title: On the Aristocratic Social Structures in Ancient Japan

Author:Li Zhuo, Professor, Japan Research Institute and Center for World Modern History, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.

Abstract: Nobility was socially significant in Japanese history. Till the time of Meiji Restoration, Japanese nobility had experienced three stages of transitions, namely, Go-zoku in Yamato period, Ko-ka nobles in Ritsuryo period, and military nobles in Bakufu period. Different types of nobility dominated society in different times. The aristocratic system restrained the imperial authority. It is a product of identity society. It is the blood lineage rather than wealth that defines the aristocracy. Aristocratic tradition is a factor responsible for the duality of Japanese national character.

Key words:ancient Japan; social structure; nobility; imperial authority; identity society; duality