提 要：在山东东部地区，有很多人自称其祖先是来自河北枣强县的移民，且迁徙时间集中于洪武、永乐年间。金、元之际，确有大批河北冀州一带的百姓因为躲避水患和战乱东迁到山东，但明朝初年，冀州一带是移民重点迁入地区，山东人向河北迁徙才是主流。明朝中后期，因为生存环境的恶化，冀州一带百姓大量东迁。为避免被政府强制遣返，他们不约而同地宣称是明初移民的后裔。这一权宜之计，随着时间的推移以及冀州一带经济、社会形势的变化，通过口耳相传，逐渐固化为他们是明初移民山东的枣强人的说法，并随着清朝中叶出现的编撰谱牒之风，进入家史，凝固为共同的历史记忆。

关键词：明代 枣强 移民 山东

Title:A Textual Research of the Immigrants to Shandong Region during the Ming Dynasty

Author:Zhang Jinkui, Assistant Research Fellow, Institute of History, the Social Science Academy of China, Beijing, 100732, China.

Abstract:In the eastern part of Shandong Province, many people claim that their ancestors were immigrants from Zaoqiang (枣强) County of Hebei province and the time when they moved was the Hongwu to Yongle periods of the Ming dynasty. It is true that during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, because of flood and war, a large number of common people lived in Jizhou (冀州) area moved eastward to Shandong area. Nevertheless, in the early Ming Dynasty, Jizhou had become a key area receiving immigrants and in that period of time, the mainstream of immigration was moving from Shandong to Hebei. The fact is that during the late Ming period, because of the deterioration of living conditions, a large number of people in the area around Jizhou moved eastward. In order to avoid forced repatriation by the government, they all claimed to be descendants of the immigrants of the early Ming era. This story was told generation by generation and as time goes along and economic and social situation changing, gradually solidified as those people’s memory of their true origin. By the mid-Qing dynasty, such a memory was written down in the genealogies of the concerned families.

Key words: Ming Dynasty Zaoqiang County immigrants Shandong Province