现代性与傅斯年的史学思想

谢进东

提要：傅斯年以进化观看待中、西方社会文化的演进，认为中、西文化虽遵循类似的进化轨迹，但属于两种不同的文化体系。在中国文化起源问题上，傅斯年由进化观促成的民族视角，提出了多元起源论主张，突破了传统史学中的中国文化同源论。他以汉民族的变迁为标准所做的中国历史分期，突破了旧史家依朝代的分界而做的自然分期，冲击了以王朝为中心的传统史学观念。傅斯年在自然科学观念影响下形成的以“史学即史料学”为主要内容的科学主义历史知识观，强调史料在史学研究中的核心地位，对于引导史语所治学的科学取向以及推动中国史学沿着科学实证的方向发展起到了积极的作用。这些是傅斯年在现代性观念影响下形成的史学思想的主要表现及意义，其局限主要在于他因将历史学自然科学化的强烈意愿，忽略了历史学与自然科学之间的差异及历史认识的相对性。

关键词：现代性 傅斯年 史语所

Title:Modernity and Fu Sinian’s Thoughts of History

Author:Xie

Jiedong, Ph.D. Candidate, School of History and Culture,

Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China

Abstract:With

a evolutionist point of view, Fu Sinian（傅斯年）holds

that the Chinese and Western social and cultures fell into

similar tracks in their developments. Nevertheless, the

Chinese and Western cultures represent two different

categories of cultures. In dealing with the origin of

Chinese culture, Fu Sinian insists that the Chinese culture

has multivariate origins, which is a break through of the

one origin theory of Chinese culture. He divided the Chinese

history into different periods according to the transition

of the Han nationality, which is a step forward in

comparison to the traditional dynasty-based periodization

method. Influenced by the views of natural science, Fu

Sinian formed his idea of scientific historical knowledge,

which holds that “the essence of history as a scholarship is

actually the science of historical materials”. By

emphasizing the kernel role of the historical materials in

historical study, this approach played impotent roles in

guiding the work of the Institute of History and Languages

as well as in propelling the development of China’s

scholarship of history on the track of scientific

positivism. The above-mentioned are the key representations

and meanings of Fu Sinian’s historical thoughts formed under

the influence of the mentality of modernity. The major

limitation of Fu Sinian is that due to his strong will of

making history a natural science he ignored the difference

between history and natural science as well as the relative

nature of historical knowledge.

Key words:modernity；Fu Sinian；the Institute

of History and Languages