试论公元前5世纪中期雅典的陪审法庭变革

张春梅

提 要：雅典的陪审法庭创建于梭伦改革时期，最初附属于公民大会。公元前5世纪中期，陪审法庭从公民大会中分离出来，成为雅典民主制的核心机构之一。从形式上看，它从单一的法庭转变成多个陪审法庭；从职能上看，陪审法庭新增了官员的任职资格审查和账目审计等职权；从性质上看，陪审法庭不仅仅是接受上诉案件的终审法庭，还是一审的法庭；另外，陪审津贴的颁行给每一个公民以出席陪审法庭的机会。陪审法庭的这些变革是雅典民主化进程的需要，也是人口增长和雅典帝国事务增多的结果。

关键词：陪审法庭 雅典 民主制

Title:The Changes in

Athenian Jury Courts during the Mid-fifth Century B.C.

Author:Zhang Chunmei, Lecturer, College

of History, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622,

China

Abstract:Athenian Jury Court, established by

Solon, was attached to the Assembly in the beginning. In the

mid-fifth century B.C., Jury Court was separated from the

Assembly and became one of the main sections of the Athenian

democratic system. Later, in terms of organization, the one

and only Jury Court--Heliaia changed to many Jury Courts

called dikasteria. In terms of function, the new Jury Courts

were trusted with the powers of dokimasia and euthyna. In

terms of nature, the dikasterias were not only the courts of

last instance dealing with appeals, but also the courts of

the first instance. In addition, the payment for jury

service improved the condition for citizens to serve as

Jury. These changes happened because of the needs of the

Athenian democratization progress, the population growth,

and the increase of public affairs within the Athenian

world.

Key wards:jury courts Athens

democracy