拜占庭还是塞尔柱人国家？

——析《宋史·拂菻国传》的一段记载

徐家玲

提 要：自西汉（公元前206—公元23年）以降，或从更早的时候起，直到明朝（1368—1644年）早期，中国史籍中不乏对于罗马—拜占庭世界的记载。学者们认为，自唐代以来，中国人都以“拂菻”一词称呼拜占庭。但是，除了那些往来于“西域”和中华帝国腹地的商人们，古代中国人对于罗马和拜占庭帝国的疆域范围却并没有十分清楚的概念，甚至对拂菻一词所指的地域范围、或者其具体所指代的文明范畴有所误解。于是，对“拂菻”一词的理解，或者对于中国史籍中各个时期之“拂菻传”所指代的范围，就不能笼统理解为对拜占庭的描述，本文试图就宋史《拂菻传》中的一段记载说明这一问题，就教于学界同仁们。

关键词：《宋史》 拂菻国传 塞尔柱人

Title:Byzantium

or Seljuk Sultanate ?

On a piece of Narrative on “Fu-lin” inSung-shih(History of Sung Dynasty)Author:Dr. Jialing XU, Professor of Medieval and Byzantine Studies,

School of History and Culture, Northeast Normal University,

Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.

Abstract:There

are plentiful narrative accounts on Roman/Byzantine empires

in Chinese sources from, if not earlier, about the Former

Han dynasty (206 BC- 23 AD) to early Ming Dynasty

(1368AD-1644AD). According to some scholars, “Fu-lin” is

adopted to refer to Byzantium since Tang Dynasty. However,

the ancient Chinese had very obscure idea about the

territory of the Roman and Byzantine empires, although there

were merchants came and back between “the Western Region”

and Inner-land of Chinese Empire, few Chinese merchants or

tourists tried to go “Far-West” or to acquaint themselves

with Western countries; therefore, modern Chinese scholars

are often puzzled with the real scope “Fu-lin” covers. A

piece of narrative on Fu-lin in Sung-shih (The History of

Sung Dynasty) gave people such a wrong idea about Byzantium.

In this paper, I would try to clearify this historical

misunderstanding.

Key words:Sung-shihnarrative on Fu-lin Seljuk