提 要：因为卑弥呼女王的王权尚处于早期的原始阶段，故其官制很不完备，只能说是出现了早期国家官制的萌芽。倭五王时期的官制还是属于一种日本早期国家特色的以地方首长和大王之间的人身依附关系为基础的带有浓厚的贵族血缘特色的统治形式，具有非制度化的特点，而且其官职大多受中国官职的影响，氏族血统作为授予职位的唯一依据。不过与弥生时代的邪马台国的官制相比，则已经标志着日本早期国家官制的形成。圣德太子所实施的冠位制进一步发展了日本早期国家官制，作为早期国家官制发展的一个顶峰，具有开创性的历史意义，由此形成了日本古代国家官僚制度的核心—位阶制的雏形。

关键词：日本 早期国家 官制邪马台国 倭五王 冠位制

Title:The Formation and Development of the Governmental Official System in the Early History of Japan

Author: Chen Wei, Doctoral Candidate, Social Science Academy of China, Beijing, 100102, China

Abstract:The primitive governmental official system appeared during the Queen Himiko period while the kingship of Japan was in its own early stage in that time. By the time of the Wa No Go-ao（倭五王, the Five King period in Japanese history） period, the governmental official system was largely based upon the personal ties between the Kings and the local leaders and with strong aristocrat character. Such a system should be considered as less institutionalized because the clan lineage background was taken as the most important criteria in governmental position appointments. The titles of the officials, on the other hand, were mostly borrowed from the Chinese governmental system. Even so, in comparison with the Yayoyi Yamatayikoku governmental system, the Wa Five King system already symbolized the formation of the early Japan governmental official system. The Title and Position Ranking System implemented by Prince Syoutokutayisi brought the early Japan governmental official system to its peak. The ancient Japanese bureaucratic system started to establish its core system later called as position-ranking system.

Key words: Japan early-staged state governmental official system Yamatayikoku Wa Five Kings Position-ranking system