古代埃及的传记文学评述

令狐若明

提 要：传记文学是古代埃及文学中早期的形式之一，也是古代埃及文学的一个重要组成部分。保留下来的古埃及传记文学作品，大多是歌颂法老、贵族大臣的所谓“辉煌业绩”和一切“善行”，文中有许多夸大不实之词。但是，不少传记作品却涉及了主人生活的时代和社会关系，仍能让我们了解到古埃及人心中的某些价值标准和社会道德规范。同时，传记作品的一些记载，可以让我们得知古埃及片段的历史事实，对于研究古埃及人的社会生活、古代埃及的国家机关、军事活动和对外关系，都具有一定的史料价值。

关键词：古代埃及 传记文学 乌尼 霍尔胡夫 英坦夫 雅赫摩斯

Title: The Biographies in Ancient Egyptian Literature

Author: Linghu Ruoming, School of Humanities, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.

Abstract:Biography as a way of literary expression and record is an important part of ancient Egyptian literature. The preserved ancient Egyptian biographical works extolled mostly the so-called ‘brilliant achievements' and all ‘good deeds' of the pharaohs and nobles. There were many exaggerative and false words in the texts. Nevertheless, some biographical works that related to the periods in that the authors lived are meaningful to us to interpret some norms of values and moral standards of the ancient Egyptian societies. Meanwhile, some contents in these biographical works reveal partial facts of ancient Egyptian history. These materials as valuable historical data are important to us in the studies of the ancient Egyptian social phenomena, state organizations, military activities, and foreign relations.

Key words:ancient Egypt; biography; Weni; Hardkhuf; Intef; Ahmose